Feb 12, 2019 breast milk composition changes during a feed, and fat concentration increases with longer nursing sessions. The cause is unknown, but variation in human milk composition might play a role. Pdf pbreastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal and unequalled method for feeding infants due to its associated health benefits. Hence, the composition of breastmilk is the biological norm for human babies. The fat and lactose, respectively, provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of the milk 11. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been. Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of. Psychological benefits of breastfeeding emotional bonding. Longitudinal decreases in milk concentrations of zinc, copper, and potassium, previously documented for the. Human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. Comparison of breast milk composition among lactating women. Comparing infant formulas with human milk infant formula. Breastfeeding duration, milk fat composition and developmental indices at 1 year of life among breastfed infants. Breast milk only breast milk and nonnutritious liquids breast milk and nutritious supplements no breast milk 28 source.
Composition, claims and costs first steps nutrition trust. The following chart compares the composition of formula to that of human breast milk. Many mothers do not realize there is a difference between breast milk and formula. Breastmilk composition australian breastfeeding association. International inflammation inflame network, of the world universities network wun. Milk and dairy products food and agriculture organization. There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to allergic sensitization and disease. Although benefits of breast feeding have been known for a long time and breast milk is considered as ideal nutrition for infants, the composition of breast milk is still being studied, since breast milk differs among mothers and populations, as well as during different times of lactation. Regional differences in the composition of breast milk have been observed 2, 17, 19. Breast milk is always ready and good for the environment. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential consequences for development of the allergic phenotype. The human milk microbiome and factors influencing its. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a.
Human milk composition provides the standard for human. The duration of the milk feeding was not recorded consistently. Only few investigations have been made on the fatty acid pattern in human breast milk during the first week after delivery 2, 4, 9, 14, 16, 19. Historically one approach to match human milk composition is to add new ingredients see appendix b for the composition of formulas and human milk. After 6 months of age, you should introduce solid foods to accommodate the changes in your breast milk. In the present study, we investigated the composition of breast milk of an ethnically mixed population of nz women as a. The fat and lactose, respectively, provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of the milk. We provide information on the composition of infant milks, the claims made and the usefulness and safety of ingredients. Breast milk volume and composition during late lactation. Breast milk changes constantly to meet babies needs. Bioactivity, relationship, function of all factors present in breast milk. Breast milk is uniquely tailored by each mom to meet the specific needs of her baby. The composition of human milk is the biologic norm for infant nutrition.
Breast milk composition changes to match the age and various nutritional requirements of your child. Milk and dairy product composition 41 abstract 41 3. This turns out to be a quixotic quest since human milk is a complex body fluid that is variable not only among individuals, but within an individual over time. Factors affecting human milk composition exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life followed by human milk with complementary foods for 1e2 years or longer is the normative standard for infant feeding and nutrition recommended by the american academy of pediatrics and world health organization. Human milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization. Lmeigs work on milk in 1881 consisted in an attempt to com pare human milk and cows milk in their content of protein or. Historically one approach to match humanmilk composition is to add new ingredients see appendix b for the composition of formulas and human milk. In this twopost series, well take a look at what breastmilk is made of. Although benefits of breastfeeding have been known for a long time and breast milk is considered as ideal nutrition for infants, the composition of breast milk is still being studied, since breast milk differs among mothers and populations, as well as during different times of lactation. Formula human milk substitutes history regulation composition and indications formula composition breast milk as gold standard attempt to duplicate composition of breast milk.
Breast milk exclusive breastfeeding widely recommended optimal nutrition for health, growth and development a highly complex mixture of nutrients dissolved or emulsified in water human milk composition is influenced by. When your breast milk begins to come in at approximately three to five days after delivery, it mixes with the colostrum and gradually transitions to mature milk over the course of a few days or a week. The composition of human milk includes numbers for early milk and mature milk from the australian national health and medical research councils nhmrc infant feeding guidelines for health workers note. Fatty acid positional distribution sn2 fatty acids and. However, as you can see from the chart there are many differences between the two. Transitional breast milk is a combination of colostrum and mature milk. Impact of maternal nutrition on breastmilk composition. Breast milk composition and breastfeeding practice are some of the most influential factors of child outcomes 4 5 6. Ismadi, composition of breast milk beyond one yeir, journal of tropical pediatrics, volume 25, issue 4, august 1979. Bauer j, gerss j 2011, longitudinal analysis of macronutrients and minerals in human milk produced by mothers. With the information available, the obvious approach to the problem of infant feeding is based on the use of human milk when feasible and of formulas simulating it as nearly as possible when for any reason breast milk cannot be made available to an infant. Evidencebased information on composition of breast milk from hundreds of trustworthy sources for health and social care. Breastmilk composition nutrition and brain development. The aim of the present study is to list the compositions of milk of different species and discuss their nutritional values.
In the uk, data for the nutrient composition of human breast milk are currently published within mccance and widdowsons the composition of. However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time. The existing re ports, however, give very little information about normal indivi. Medela presents breastfeeding research into the composition of breast milk from components like fats, enzymes and proteins to minerals and vitamins. Longitudinal aanalysis of macro and mineral in human milk. The amount of variability in human milk attributable to diet remains mostly unknown. More allergy and milk intolerance increased risk of some chronic diseases obesity lower scores on intelligence tests mother may become pregnant sooner increased risk of anaemia, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer in mother 210. The importance of breastfeeding was proclaimed in the innocenti declaration, with the goal of protecting and supporting breastfeeding as a key infant feeding. In the uk, data for the nutrient composition of human breast milk are currently published within mccance and widdowsons the composition of foods, milk products. The composition of human milk includes numbers for early milk and mature milk from the australian national health.
Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed a child. Composition of human milk 3 has been obtained by whole breast expression may not be identical in composition to suckled milk. Breast milk intake of 10 infants was determined by testweighing for 1 or more months during months 716 of lactation. The aim of this study was to assess the fa composition of breast milk. In part 1, ill share information on colostrum and transitional milk, part 2 will present more on mature and involutional milk. Several human milk oligosaccharides hmos have been associated with growth velocity in breastfed infants, and it has been suggested that the mechanism could be through an effect on. It is widely reported that maternal diet influences the nutritional composition of breast milk. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods. Breast milk and formula milk compositions cocoscience. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and between mothers and populations.
You may be wondering what happens to your milk if you continue breastfeeding longterm. Breast milk composition changes as baby grows in age. Comparison of breast milk composition among lactating. Breast milk composition of 119 samples collected by 46 women during months 720 of lactation was compared with composition of 101 samples collected at 46 months. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and. Human milk composition and dietary intakes of breastfeeding. While many studies of breastmilk composition have been done, there are still many components of breastmilk still being identified. Breastfeeding is the biologically normal way to feed babies. The composition of breastmilk, part 1 attachment parenting. Over the first 4 postnatal days, the size of the human milk fat globules decreases significantly, however their size increases again after 1 month postpartum michalski et al 2005.
The protein composition of the whey was separated by gel electrophoresis and was identified by mass spectrometry and two. Comparison of the protein composition of breast milk and. With the information available, the obvious approach to the problem of infant feeding is based on the use of human milk when feasible and of formulas simulating it as nearly as possible when for any reason breast milk cannot be made available to. All mammalian species produce milk, but the composition of milk for each species varies widely and other kinds of milk are often. Composition of human breast milk human breast milk is a complex matrix with a general composition of 87% water, 3. The aim of our study was to determine the content of fat and fatty acid composition of breast milk, and its association with the mothers diet. However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time, adapting itself to the changing needs of the growing child. Pdf a study on lipid content and fatty acid of breast. Composition of breast milk beyond one yeir journal of. The factors in breast milk which influence these processes are still unclear and. The results showed that the concentrations of the major protein types in the breast milk were not significantly different between the two groups. Factors affecting human milk composition exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life followed by human milk with complementary foods for 1e2 years or longer is the normative standard for infant feeding and nutrition recommended by the american academy of. Composition of human colostrum and milk jama pediatrics.
Breast milk lipids are present as milk fat globules. As expected they agree that such foods should be as close to the average composition of mature human milk as is. Pdf composition of breast milk of lactating adolescents. It should be used in place of this raster image when not inferior. The composition of human breast milk changes in response to many factors, matching the infants requirements according to its age and other characteristics. Impact of breast milk intake on body composition at term in very preterm babies. Human milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization bioactive factors key points human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. This crosssectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers who came to health care centers for. Agostoni c, marangoni f, lammardo am, giovanni m, riva e, galli c.
Can your body really keep producing such highquality mature milk for months and months, or even years. Frontiers human milk oligosaccharide composition is. Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of her infant. Mature milk continues to change over the course of the first year. Fatty acid positional distribution sn2 fatty acids and phospholipid composition in chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage volume 121 issue 1 ke wu, runying gao, fang tian, yingyi mao, bei wang, lili zhou, liwei shen, yan guan, meiqin cai. Breast milk composition changes during a feed, and fat concentration increases with longer nursing sessions.
Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential. Milk composition is an important factor in all stages of milk production, therefore the use of ir technology in determining milk composition has been employed in a variety of situations. As your babys first food, you might expect your breast milk ingredients to include basic essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as water to keep her hydrated, which it does. In order to determine the most accurate preterm breast milk composition, analyses must be undertaken of all macronutrients in 24h collections from a large sample of healthy mothers over the course of lactation, using the best methodologies available.