Combining chilled irrigation water with shading of the crops is an. Lettuce is cultivated worldwide, and is one of the most consumed green leafy vegetables in the raw form for its taste and high nutritive value. Oct 17, 2015 haploidisation is a biotechnological method used to obtain plants with improved traits that are of use to humans. A chemical agent with depressant effects was isolated from extracts of the stem of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. This cylindricallyhearted lettuce known to the romans as cappadocian lettuce is now called roman lettuce or more commonly, romaine. Lettuce grows readily because all cultivated strains were obtained originally from the prickly lettuce l. Marady and romana when exposed to a contaminated environment and evaluated the.
Its haploid form would provide a good basis for producing a pure line of plants doubled haploids allowing new varieties to be regenerated. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Although the exact origins of the lettuce are unknown it was certainly known to the greeks and romans, and has been grown in britain since at least the middle of the sixteenth century. A similar situation is found in lactuca sativa and l. Jun 10, 2011 lactuca sativa garden lettuce, a member of the compositae family, is a very popular salad herb in egypt. Many cultivars are available on the market with new ones being added each year. Few salad vegetables exceed lettuce in popularity, and you should have little difficulty in growing it. Lactuca serriola is the wild progenitor of cultivated lettuce lactuca sativa, and can be affected by lettuce downy mildew, one of the most serious diseases of lettuce. A mild slightly sweet flavour with a crisp texture, lettuce is a very commonly used salad leaf and can also be cooked as a potherb or be added to soups etc. How to grow lettuce lactuca sativa seed savers exchange.
Evaluation of response of lettuce lactuca sativa l. In this report a model is proposed using a plant geographical division. The lipid peroxidation masurement was also done in. Naira, a bioactive natural products and phytoceuticals, department ofhorticulture, 173 national food safety and toxicology center, michigan state university, east lansing, mi 48824, usa. Lettuce lactuca sativa is a valuable crop in the united states and worldwide. Apr 12, 2017 lettuce lactuca sativa is a major crop and a member of the large, highly successful compositae family of flowering plants. Pdf microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighborjoining nj method. Changes in fine structure and reserve materials of the dormant embryos of lactuca sativa l. Lettuce is a globally important leafy vegetable with the united states being the largest world producers. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Comparison of lactuca sativa growth performance in conventional. Germination and development of american lettuce seedlings lactuca sativa l. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate eurasia. Lettuce lactuca sativa l overview lettuce lactuca sativa l.
Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds of food, such as soups, sandwiches and wraps. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Lettuce is a rich source of vitamin k and vitamin a, and a moderate source of folate and iron. An efficient agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation method of lettuce lactuca sativa l. Lactuca, commonly known as lettuce, is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, asteraceae. Lettuces are made up of over 95 per cent water, but.
Microsatellite retrieval in lettuce lactuca sativa l. In this study, antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of a crude methanolpetroleum ether 7030, vv extract of the seeds have been evaluated. Journal of herbal medicine and toxicology 1 2 4347 2007 biscaro ga et al. It is a threedigit code, combining codes for dispersal by. Hot ethanol extract of lettuce leaves was used for the determination of total sugars using the phosphomolybdic acid method a. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by flies. Growing fresh crispy lettuce in the garden is as easy as 123 if you have good soil and the right climate. Pilot study of the efficacy and safety of lettuce seed oil. We have examined the constituents of latex from lactuca sativa lettuce cv. Pilot study of the efficacy and safety of lettuce seed oil in.
These results were merged in an upset plot to investigate the distribution of significantly differentially expressed genes degs between the. In vitro evaluation of red and green lettuce lactuca sativa for functional food properties vanisree mulabagala, mathieu ngouajiob, ajay nairb, yanjun zhangc, aditya l. In our search for compositae models for rubber synthesis, we extracted latex from stems of two lettuce species. In folk medicine of iran, the seeds of this plant were used for relieving of inflammation and osteodynia. Lettuce lactuca sativa is an annual plant of the daisy family, asteraceae. It is in flower from july to august, and the seeds ripen from august to september. Evidence from egyptian tomb paintings indicates that it was cultivated before 4500 bc. Application of the trap technique to lettuce lactuca. Lettuce types include romaine, butter head, iceberg, and loose leaf. Activation of cells begins soon after the embryos are soaked and involves a progressive loss of reserve materials, an increased clarity of organelles and membrane systems, and development of structures either absent or present in a. This heatresistant variety is long lasting, bolt resistant, and free of mosaic disease. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. This page was last edited on 15 august 2019, at 15. It is now the most important leafy salad vegetable.
Lactuca sativa can be routinely transformed using ti plasmids of agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a chimeric kanamycin resistance gene nos. Genus name comes from the latin word lac meaning milk in obvious reference to the milky plant sap. Toxic plants or other toxins 0 heavy metals 0 botulism 0 milkweeds asclepias spp. Reproduced from the series plant resources of southeast asia, by kind permission of the prosea foundation, bogor, indonesia. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and for ads measurement purposes.
Lettuce, lactuca sativa compositae lettuces can be grouped in four botanical varieties, although some other types are distinguished in marketing, according to the sprouting, the type of leaves, the colour, etc. Volatile organic compounds stimulate plant growing and. Plant in the spring or fall when temperatures are still cool lettuce bolts in warm. Large tightly wrapped heads of thick, crisp leaves. Lactuca sativa was found more sensitive to the applied allelopathic stress of c. Or, sow seed outside in a hotbed or cold frame, about four to six weeks before the last severe frost. With an aphidicidal gene, pta pinellia ternata agglutinin. Total free amino acids were determined using ninhydrin reagent moore and stein, 1954. It has been in use in folk medicine since ancient times as both an appetite stimulant and as an aid to sleep. Lactuca sativa garden lettuce is a popular salad herb. Lactuca sativa lettuce, garden lettuce pfaf plant database. It also exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Growth and yield by the application of biofertilizers saeed chamangasht 1, mohammad reza ardakani 1, kazem khavazi 2, bohloul abbaszadeh 3 and saeed mafakheri 4 1department of agronomy, karaj branch, islamic azad university, karaj, iran 2soil and water research institute, karaj, iran.
The present study was planned to investigate sleepprolonging effect of this plant. Lettuce generally remains pestfree, although snails and slugs hide under the cover of darkness and chew leaves, weakening the plant. Keane, in genetic improvement of vegetable crops, 1993. Pdf a recent study related to aquaponics has shown that hydroponic lettuce grown. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. It belongs to the family of asteraceae which comprises between 23,000 and 30,000 species and is thought to be the largest family of plants bayer and starr, 1998. Mission the centres mission is to conduct basic and applied research relevant to science, national economic development, social and environmental needs, rational and sustainable use of land, forest and natural. The name lactuca sativa is derived from the lactis, meaning milk. In vitro evaluation of red and green lettuce lactuca.
Weed management in lettuce lactuca sativa with preplant irrigation1 article pdf available in weed technology 20oct 2006. This fast growing cool season annual is relished for its crisp heads of tasty sweet foliage. Romaine is the most upright growing of the four major types of lettuce. Lactuca sativa lettuce is the most important crop in the group of leafy vegetables. The hydroalcoholic extract hae of lettuce and its water fraction wf, ethyl. Encapsulated bioactive agents applied to the lactuca sativa l. Prior to sending in the milled lettuce shoots for lead analysis, the lettuce heads of each system were cut into small pieces, weighed and merged. Success in producing a steady supply of fresh, crisp leaves, rich in vitamin a, depends to a great extent upon an understanding of the habits of this plant.
Lactuca sativa lettuce is a member of compositae family. English common name lettuce asian common names china. The present study is based on the evaluation of antioxidant potential of a well known plant lactuca sativa. Effects of different ethanol concentrations on the initial growth of lettuce lactuca sativa. Antioxidant potential of lactuca sativa pubmed central pmc.
The annual plant was first cultivated by the ancient egyptians who turned it from a weed, where the seeds were used to produce oil. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of lactuca sativa. Allelopathic potential of cassia fistula against lactuca. Wounding leaves or stems of lactucaspecies releases a milky latex onto the plant surface. Although this trait can be a problem to home gardeners who attempt to save seeds, biologists have used it to broaden the gene pool of cultivated lettuce varieties. Grand rapids were studied during the first 4 days of germination. A taxonomic species within the family asteraceae garden lettuce. Popular in the us because it ships and stores well.
Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. In this study polyphenolic extracts from lactuca sativa. Both species contained cis1,4polyisoprene rubber in the dichlorometh. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Reducing nitrate accumulation in lettuce lactica sativa l. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Oct 06, 2018 lettuce lactuca sativa is grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Here we present a reference assembly for the species and family.
Even garden lettuce lactuca sativa relieves irritation of the bronchopulmonic membranes and has a tendency to induce drowsiness. The enhancement of plant secondary metabolites content in. Soil salinity increased linearly with increasing salinity of irrigation water. Rosette leaves oblong to obovate or elliptic or ovate, 5. This plant also has excellent medicinal properties. The wild species lactuca virosa is poisonous, but the common or garden lettuce, lactuca sativa, is not toxic. Lactuca serriola, prickly lettuce, and lactuca sativa cv. Traditionally, lactuca sativa lettuce has been recommended for its hypnotic property. Lactuca sativa lactuca sativa although the exact origins of the lettuce are unknown it was certainly known to the greeks and romans, and has been grown in britain since at least the middle of the sixteenth century.
Behaviour of two varieties of lettuce lactuca sativa l. The genome size has been estimated by flow cytometry to be 2. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Its bestknown representative is the garden lettuce lactuca sativa, with its many varieties.
The major components were shown to be novel 15oxalyl and 8sulfate conjugates of the guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, lactucin, deoxylactucin, and lactucopicrin. Critical experimental variables were plant genotype, bacterial concentration, presence of a nurse culture and timing of transfers between tissue culture media. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Depressant pharmacological effects of a component isolated. Development of haploid embryos and plants of lactuca sativa. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Growth, yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization in a noncirculating hydroponic system article pdf available in journal of plant nutrition 3912. Depressant pharmacological effects of a component isolated from lettuce, lactuca sativa. Probably no fault is more universal than sowing lettuce seed too thickly. One of the crops suited for this purpose is lactuca sativa l. This bibbtype head lettuce has a large compact yellowwhite heart.
The fine structure of the embryo of lactuca sativa. The common head and leaf lettuces of home gardens and commerce are derived from lactuca sativa. Lactuca sativa multiple varieties lettuce from garden. Lactuca sativa in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. How to grow lettuce lactuca sativa lettuce is an ideal crop for beginner growers and seed savers alike. Based on our results, it is suggested that cassia fistula has strong allelopathic potential and may serve as a potential candidate for using its allelopathic potentials in weed control strategies. Pdf weed management in lettuce lactuca sativa with. Lactuca sativa is a garden species derived from hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years of selection from lactuca serriola l. Transformation of lettuce lactuca sativa mediated by. It is thought most likely to have originated from a progenitor similar to l. A historical survey is made of the distribution of the groups of lactuca cultivars over the world. Methanolic leaf extract was investigated for in vitro inhibition of oxidative damage induced by uvradiations to the salmonella typhi bacteria and in vivo effect on the production of body enzymes i.
Potentiating effects of lactuca sativa on pentobarbital. Pdf comparison of lactuca sativa growth performance in. Genome assembly with in vitro proximity ligation data and. The expression of a stress and salicylic acidinducible protein gene from tobacco, pr1a protein gene, was determined after its introduction to lettuce lactuca sativa l. Lactuca sativa plant finder missouri botanical garden. Flowering stems erect, slightly angular, medullary, green to yellow to whitish, glabrous, robust, densely leafy, branched in upper half. Inflorescence development and the role of lsft in regulating. Metabolite profiling of sesquiterpene lactones from lactuca. Kopfsalat praktische tipps hausgarten sativa rheinau. Gardeners can choose looseleaf varieties that do not form heads or grow iceberg lettuces that form a head of tightly overlapping leaves.